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Algonkin Indians of Canada
Algonkin. Significance uncertain, but Hewitt
( Hodge, 1907) suggests Micmac algoomeaking or algoomaking, "at the
place of spearing fish or eels [from the bow of a canoe]." It was
applied originally to one band, the Weskarini.
| Connections. The Algonkin were the
easternmost division of the Chippewa group of the Algonquian
linguistic stock. |
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| Location. On Ottawa River but
particularly its northern tributaries. |
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Subdivisions
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Abitibi, about Lake Abitibi.
Barrière, about Barrière and Kakabong Lakes.
Dumoine, on Dumoine River and Lake, Ontario. |
Kichesipirini, on Allumette
Island in Ottawa River and hence often called Algonkins of
the Island.
Kipawa, on Kipawa River, Maganasibi River, and the north
bank of Ottawa River opposite Mattawa.
Lac des Quinze, Lac des Quinze and to the north and east.
Maniwaki or River Desert, from the upper course of the
Rivière Lièvre to Black River.
Ononchataronon, between St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers and
near Montreal. |
| Sagaiguninini, southwest of
Ottawa River in 1640, perhaps not of this group, as nearly
all the other bands are on or |
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northeast of the Ottawa River. |
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| Timiskaming, on and near Lake Timiskaming.
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| Weskarini, on the north side of
Ottawa River below Allumette Island and on Gatineau River. |
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Villages
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Egan, Maniwaki township, Ottawa
County, Quebec.
Hartwell, in Ottawa County, Quebec.
Isle aux Tourtes, mission, for Algonkin and Nipissing,
probably on Ottawa River but soon removed to Oka. |
History. The Algonkin were encountered by the
French when that nation first settled Canada and became firmly
attached to them. In the war between the French and Iroquois many
bands were driven out of their country, some uniting with the
Ottawa, while others fled to the north and east and drifted back
into their old territories on the cessation of hostilities. They
have since continued in the same region though suffering steady
modification in culture and manner of life from contact with
Europeans.
Population. Mooney (1928) estimated that in 1600 there were
6,000 in the Algonkin and Ottawa bands combined. In 1884, 3,874 were
returned from Quebec Province and eastern Ontario. The total
population of the bands recognized as Algonkin in 1900, but
including a few Iroquois, was 1,536.
Connection in which they have become noted.
The principal claim of these people to notoriety rests on the fact
that they, or rather one of their bands, first bore the name
Algonkin from which the name of the great Algonquian linguistic
stock was derived, as well as a multitude of names of places and
terms of various sorts.
The Indian Tribes of North of America, by
John Swanton, 1953
Canadian Indians
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